nfdump(1)

NAME
nfdump - netflow display and analyze program

SYNOPSIS

nfdump [options] [filter]

DESCRIPTION
nfdump is the netflow display and analyzing program of the nfdump tool set. It reads the netflow data from files stored by nfcapd and processes the flows according to the options given. The filter syntax is comparable to tcpdump and extended for netflow data. Nfdump can also display many different top N flow and flow element statistics.

OPTIONS

-r inputfile
    Read input data from inputfile. Default is to read from stdin.

-R expr
    Read input from a sequence of files in the same directory. expr may be one of:
    /any/dir Read recursively all files in directory dir.
    /dir/file Read all files beginning with file.
    /dir/file1:file2 Read all files from file1 to file2.
    When using in combination with a sub hierarchy:
    /dir/sub1/sub2/file1:sub3/sub4/file2
    Read all files from sub1/sub2/file1 sub3/sub4/file2 iterating over all required hierarchy levels.
    Note: files are read in alphabetical order.

-M expr
    Read input from multiple directories. expr looks like: /any/path/to/dir1:dir2:dir3 etc. and will be expanded to the directories: /any/path/to/dir1, /any/path/to/dir2 and /any/path/to/dir3 Any number of colon separated directories may be given. The files to read are specified by -r or -R and are expected to exist in all the given directories. The options -r and -R must not contain any directory part when used in conjunction with -M.

-m  deprecated option. Use -O tstart instead.

-O order[:direction]
    Set sort order to print raw or aggregated flows. Optionally add an order direction 'a' for ascending or 'd' for descending. order can be:
    by default descending:
    flows Sort according to the number of flows
    packets Sort according to (in)packets
    ipkg Same as packets
    opkg Sort according to output packets
    bytes Sort according to (in)bytes
    ibyte Same as bytes
    obyte Sort according to output bytes
    pps Sort according to (in)packets per second
    ipps Same as ipps
    opps Sort according to out packets per second
    bps Sort according to (in)bits per second
    ibps Same as bps
    obps Sort according to output bytes per second
    Bpp Sort according to (in)bytes per packet
    ibpp Same as bpp
    obpp Sort according to output packets
    by default ascending:
    tstart Sort according to start time of flow - former -m
    tend Sort according to end time of flows

-w outputfile
    If specified writes binary netflow records to outputfile ready to be processed again with nfdump. The default output is ASCII on stdout. In combination with options -m, -a, -b, and -B write aggregated and/or sorted flow cache in binary format to disk.

-f filterfile
    Reads the filter syntax from filterfile. Note: Any filter specified directly on the command line takes precedence over -f.

-t timewin
    Process only flows which fall in the time window timewin, where timewin is YYYY/MM/dd.hh:mm:ss[-YYYY/MM/dd.hh:mm:ss]. Any parts of the time spec may be omitted e.g YYYY/MM/dd expands to YYYY/MM/dd.00:00:00-infinity and processes all flow from a given day onwards. The time window may also be specified as +/- n. In this case it is relativ to the beginning or end of all flows. +10 means the first 10 seconds of all flows, -10 means the last 10 seconds of all flows.

-c num
    Limit the number of records to read and process from file(s) to the first num flows.

-a  Aggregate netflow data. Aggregation is done at connection level by taking the 5-tuple protocol, srcip, dstip, srcport and dstport.

-A aggregation
    Similar to Flexible Netflow (FNF), netflow records can be aggregated by any number of given v9 fields. aggregation is a ',' separated list of recognised tags from the following list:
    proto IP protocol
    srcip Source IP address
    dstip Destination IP address
    srcip4/net IPv4 source IP address with applied netmask
    srcip6/net IPv6 source IP address with applied netmask
    dstip4/net IPv4 destination IP address with applied netmask
    dstip6/net IPv6 destination IP address with applied netmask
    srcnet Apply netmask srcmask in netflow record for source IP
    dstnet Apply netmask dstmask in netflow record for dest IP
    srcport Source port
    dstport Destination port
    srcmask Source mask
    dstmask Destination mask
    srcvlan Source vlan label
    dstvlan Destination vlan label
    srcas Source AS number
    dstas Destination AS number
    nextas BGP Next AS
    prevas BGP Previous AS
    inif SNMP input interface number
    outif SNMP output interface number
    next IP next hop
    bgpnext BGP next hop
    insrcmac In source MAC address
    outdstmac out destination MAC address
    indstmac In destintation MAC address
    outsrcmac Out source MAC address
    tos Source type of service
    srctos Source type of Service
    dsttos Destination type of Service
    mpls1 MPLS label 1
    mpls2 MPLS label 2
    mpls3 MPLS label 3
    mpls4 MPLS label 4
    mpls5 MPLS label 5
    mpls6 MPLS label 6
    mpls7 MPLS label 7
    mpls8 MPLS label 8
    mpls9 MPLS label 9
    mpls10 MPLS label 10
    router Exporting router's IP
    xsrcip X-late source IP address, if compiled with NSEL support
    xdstip X-late destination IP address, if compiled with NSEL support
    xsrcport X-late source port, if compiled with NSEL support
    xdstport X-late destination port, if compiled with NSEL support

    nfdump automatically compiles an appropriate output format for the selected aggregation unless an explicit output format is given. The automatic output format is identical to -o 'fmt:%ts %td <fields> %pkt %byt %bps %bpp %fl' where <fields> represents the selected aggregation tags.

    Example:
        -A proto,srcip,dstport

        -A srcas,dstas

-b  Aggregate netflow records as bidirectional flows. Automatically implies -a. Aggregation is done on connection level by taking the 5-tuple protocol, srcip, dstip, srcport and dstport, or the reverse order for the corresponding connection flow. Input and output packets/bytes are counted and reported separately. Both flows are merged into a single record. An appropriate output format is selected automatically, which may be overwritten by any -o format option.

-B  Like -b but automagically swaps flows if src port is < dst port for TCP and UDP flows and src port < 1024 and dst port > 1024. as some exporters do not care sending the flows in proper order. Other flows are not affected. It's considered to be a conveniency option.

-I  Print flow statistics from file specified by -r, or timeslot specified by -R/-M.

-D dns
    Set dns as nameserver to look up hostnames.

-s statistic[:p][/orderby[:direction]]
    Generate the Top N flow or flow element statistic. statistic can be:
    record Statistic about aggregated netflow records.
    srcip Statistic about source IP addresses
    dstip Statistic about destination IP addresses
    ip Statistic about any (source or destination) IP addresses
    nhip Statistic about next hop IP addresses
    nhbip Statistic about BGP next hop IP addresses
    router Statistic about exporting router IP address
    srcport Statistic about source ports
    dstport Statistic about destination ports
    port Statistic about any (source or destination) ports
    tos Statistic about type of service - default src
    srctos Statistic about src type of service
    dsttos Statistic about dst type of service
    dir Statistic about flow directions ingress/egress
    srcas Statistic about source AS numbers
    dstas Statistic about destination AS numbers
    as Statistic about any (source or destination) AS numbers
    inif Statistic about input interface
    outif Statistic about output interface
    if Statistic about any interface
    srcmask Statistic about src mask
    dstmask Statistic about dst mask
    srcvlan Statistic about src vlan label
    dstvlan Statistic about dst vlan label
    vlan Statistic about any vlan label
    insrcmac Statistic about input src MAC address
    outdstmac Statistic about output dst MAC address
    indstmac Statistic about input dst MAC address
    outsrcmac Statistic about output src MAC address
    srcmac Statistic about any src MAC address
    dstmac Statistic about any dst MAC address
    inmac Statistic about any input MAC address
    outmac Statistic about any output MAC address
    mask Statistic about any mask
    proto Statistic about IP protocols
    mpls1 Statistic about MPLS label 1
    mpls2 Statistic about MPLS label 2
    mpls3 Statistic about MPLS label 3
    mpls4 Statistic about MPLS label 4
    mpls5 Statistic about MPLS label 5
    mpls6 Statistic about MPLS label 6
    mpls7 Statistic about MPLS label 7
    mpls8 Statistic about MPLS label 8
    mpls9 Statistic about MPLS label 9
    mpls10 Statistic about MPLS label 10
    sysid Internal SysID of exporter
    NSEL/ASA statistics
    event NSEL/ASA event
    xevent NSEL/ASA extended event
    xsrcip NSEL/ASA translated src IP address
    xsrcport NSEL/ASA translated src port
    xdstip NSEL/ASA translated dst IP address
    xdstport NSEL/ASA translated dst port
    iacl NSEL/ASA ingress ACL
    iace NSEL/ASA ingress ACE
    ixace NSEL/ASA ingress xACE
    eacl NSEL/ASA egress ACL
    eace NSEL/ASA egress ACE
    exace NSEL/ASA egress xACE
    NAT statistics
    nevent NAT event
    vrf/ivrf NAT ingress vrf
    evrf NAT egress vrf
    nsrcip NAT src IP address
    nsrcport NAT src port
    ndstip NAT dst IP address
    ndstport NAT dst port

    By adding :p to the statistic name, the resulting statistic is split up into transport layer protocols. Default is transport protocol independent statistics.

    orderby is optional and specifies the order by which the statistics are ordered and can be flows, packets, bytes, pps, bps or bpp. You may specify more than one orderby which results in the same statistic but ordered differently. If no orderby is given, statistics are ordered by flows. Optionally to the order you add a :direction ':a' for ascending or ':d' for descending. By default all -s statitics are printed in descending order. You can specify as many -s flow element statistics as needed on the command line for the same run.

    Example:
        -s srcip -s ip/flows -s dstport/pps/packets/bytes -s record/bytes

-l [+/-]packet_num
    Limit statistics output to those records above or below the packet_num limit. packet_num accepts positive or negative numbers followed by 'K' , 'M' or 'G' 10E3, 10E6 or 10E9 flows respectively. See also note at -L

-L [+/-]byte_num
    Limit statistics output to those records above or below the byte_num limit. byte_num accepts positive or negative numbers followed by 'K' , 'M' or 'G' 10E3, 10E6 or 10E9 bytes respectively. Note: These limits only apply to the statistics and aggregated outputs generated with -a -s. To filter netflow records by packets and bytes, use the filter syntax 'packets' and 'bytes' described below.

-n num
    For record statistics (-s .. ): Define the number for the Top N. Defaults to 10. Use -n 0 to list all records.
    For record sorting and aggregation (-a .. -O ..): Limit the records to the first top num sorted records. if not specified or -n 0 is given, all records are listed.

-o format
    Selects the output format to print flows or flow record statistics (-s record). The following formats are available:
    raw Print full flow record on multiple lines.
    line Print each flow on one line. Default format.
    long Print each flow on one line with more details
    biline Same as line, but for bidir flows
    bilong Same as long, but for bidir flows
    extended Print each flow on one line with even more details.
    nsel Print each NSEL event on one line. Default if NSEL/NAT
    nel Print each NAT event on one line.
    csv Comma separated output for machine readable processing.
    json Print full record as separate json object.
    pipe Legacy machine readable format: fields are '|' separated.
    fmt:format User defined output format.
    For each defined output format except -o fmt:<format> an IPv6 long output format exists. line6, long6 and extended6. See output formats below for more information.

-q  Be quiet. Suppress the header line and the statistics at the bottom.

-N  Print plain numbers in output. Easier for post-parsing.

-i ident
    Change ident label in file, specified by -r to ident

-v file
    Verify file. Print data file version, number of blocks and compression status.

-E file
    Print exporter/sampler list found in file. In case of a nfcapd collector file, additional statistics per exporter are printed with number of flows, packets and sequence errors.

-x file
    Scan and print extension maps located in file file

-j  Compress flows. Use bz2 compression in output file. Space efficient method

-y  Compress flows. Use LZ4 compression in output file. Time efficient method

-z  Compress flows. Use fast LZO1X-1 compression in output file. Time efficient method

-J num
    Change compression for file(s) given by -r <file> or -R <dir> num: 0 uncompress, 1: LZO1X-1, 2: bz2, 3: LZ4 compression

-Z  Check filter syntax and exit. Sets the return value accordingly.

-X  Compiles the filer syntax and dumps the filter engine table to stdout. This is for debugging purpose only.

-V  Print nfdump version and exit.

-h  Print help text on stdout with all options and exit.

RETURN VALUE
Returns
    0 No error.
    255 Initialization failed.
    254 Error in filter syntax.
    250 Internal error.

OUTPUT FORMATS
The output format raw prints each flow record on multiple lines, including all information available in the record. This is the most detailed view on a flow.

Other output formats print each flow on a single line. Predefined output formats are line, long and extended The output format line is the default output format when no format is specified. It limits the imformation to the connection details as well as number of packets, bytes and flows.

The output format long is identical to the format line, and includes additional information such as TCP flags and Type of Service.

The output format extended is identical to the format long, and includes additional computed information such as pps, bps and bpp.

Fields:

    Date flow start: Start time the flow was first seen. ISO 8601 format including milliseconds.

    Duration: Duration of the flow in seconds and milliseconds. If flows are aggregated, duration is the time span over the entire period of time from first seen to last seen.

    Proto: Protocol used in the connection.

    Src IP Addr:Port: Source IP address and source port.

    Dst IP Addr:Port: Destination IP address and destination port. In case of ICMP, port is decoded as type.code.

    Flags: TCP flags OR-ed of the connection.

    Tos: Type of service.

    Packets: The number of packets in this flow. If flows are aggregated, the packets are summed up.

    Bytes: The number of bytes in this flow. If flows are aggregated, the bytes are summed up.

    pps: The calculated packets per second: number of packets / duration. If flows are aggregated this results in the average pps during this period of time.

    bps: The calculated bits per second: 8 * number of bytes / duration. If flows are aggregated this results in the average bps during this period of time.

    Bpp: The calculated bytes per packet: number of bytes / number of packets. If flows are aggregated this results in the average bpp during this period of time.

    Flows: Number of flows. If flows are listed only, this number is always 1. If flows are aggregated, this shows the number of flows aggregated in this one record.

Numbers larger than 1'000'000 (1000*1000), are scaled to 4 digits and one decimal digit including the scaling factor M, G or T for cleaner output, e.g. 923.4 M

To make the output more readable, IPv6 addresses are shrinked down to 16 characters. The seven leftmost and seven rightmost digits connected with two dots '..' are displayed in any normal output formats. To display the full IPv6 address, use the appropriate long format, which is the format name followed by a 6.

Example: -o line displays an IPv6 address as 2001:23..80:d01e where the format -o line6 displays the IPv6 address in full length 2001:234:aabb::211:24ff:fe80:d01e. The combination of -o line -6 is equivalent to -o line6.

The output format fmt:<format> allows you to define your own output format. A format description format consists of a single line containing arbitrary strings and format specifier as described below

    %<format> Inserts the predefined format at this position. e.g. %line
    %ff flow record flags in hex.
    %nfv Netflow/Sflow/Event record version.
    %ts Start Time - first seen
    %tsr Start Time, but in fractional seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01)
    %te End Time - last seen
    %ter End Time, in fractional seconds
    %tr Time the flow was received by the collector
    %trr Time the flow was received, in fractional seconds
    %td Duration
    %pr Protocol
    %exp Exporter ID
    %eng Engine Type/ID
    %lbl Flowlabel
    %sa Source Address
    %da Destination Address
    %sap Source Address:Port
    %dap Destination Address:Port
    %sp Source Port
    %dp Destination Port
    %sn Source Network, mask applied
    %dn Destination Network, mask applied
    %nh Next-hop IP Address
    %nhb BGP Next-hop IP Address
    %ra Router IP Address
    %sas Source AS
    %das Destination AS
    %nas Next AS
    %pas Previous AS
    %in Input Interface num
    %out Output Interface num
    %pkt Packets - default input
    %ipkt Input Packets
    %opkt Output Packets
    %byt Bytes - default input
    %ibyt Input Bytes
    %obyt Output Bytes
    %fl Flows
    %flg TCP Flags
    %tos Tos - default src
    %stos Src Tos
    %dtos Dst Tos
    %dir Direction: ingress, egress
    %smk Src mask
    %dmk Dst mask
    %fwd Forwarding Status
    %bfd BiFlow Direction
    %svln Src vlan label
    %dvln Dst vlan label
    %ismc Input Src Mac Addr
    %odmc Output Dst Mac Addr
    %idmc Input Dst Mac Addr
    %osmc Output Src Mac Addr
    %mpls1 MPLS label 1
    %mpls2 MPLS label 2
    %mpls3 MPLS label 3
    %mpls4 MPLS label 4
    %mpls5 MPLS label 5
    %mpls6 MPLS label 6
    %mpls7 MPLS label 7
    %mpls8 MPLS label 8
    %mpls9 MPLS label 9
    %mpls10 MPLS label 10
    %mpls MPLS labels 1-10
    %bps bps - bits per second
    %pps pps - packets per second
    %bpp bps - Bytes per package
    NSEL specific formats
    %nfc NSEL connection ID
    %evt NSEL event
    %xevt NSEL extended event
    %sgt NSEL Source security group tag
    %msec NSEL event time in msec
    %iacl NSEL ingress ACL
    %eacl NSEL egress ACL
    %xsa NSEL XLATE src IP address
    %xda NSEL XLATE dst IP address
    %xsp NSEL XLATE src port
    %xdp NSEL SLATE dst port
    %xsap Xlate Source Address:Port
    %xdap Xlate Destination Address:Port
    %uname NSEL user name
    NEL/NAT specific formats
    %nevt NAT event - same as %evt
    %ivrf NAT ingress VRF ID
    %evrf NAT egress VRF ID
    %nsa NAT src IP address
    %nda NAT dst IP address
    %nsp NAT src port
    %ndp NAT dst port
    %pbstart NAT pool block start
    %pbend NAT pool block end
    %pbstep NAT pool block step
    %pbsize NAT pool block size
    Nprobe formats
    %cl Client latency
    %sl Server latency
    %al Application latency

The "flow flags" format (%ff) prints the internal record flags as a single hexadecimal number, consisting of any of these flag values OR-ed together:

    1 Record contains IPv6 addresses
    2 Packet counters are 64-bit
    4 Byte counters are 64-bit
    8 IP next hop is an IPv6 address
    16    BGP next hop is an IPv6 address
    32 Exporting router is an IPv6 address
    64 Record is an EVENT record
    128 Record is sampled

Example: the standard output format long can be created as
    -o "fmt:%ts %td %pr %sap -> %dap %flg %tos %pkt %byt %fl"

You may also define your own output format and have it compiled into nfdump. See nfdump.c section Output Formats for more details.

The csv output format is intended to be read by another program for further processing. As an example, see the parse_csv.pl Perl program. The csv output format consists of one or more output blocks and one summary block. Each output block starts with a csv index line followed by the csv record lines. The index lines describes the order, how each following record is composed.

Example:
    Index line: ts,te,td,sa,da,sp,dp,pr,...
    Record line: 2004-07-11 10:30:00,2004-07-11 10:30:10,10.010,...

All records are in ASCII readable form. Numbers are not scaled, so each line can be easily parsed.

Indices used in nfdump 1.6:

    ts,te,td time records: t-start, t-end, duration
    sa,da src dst address sp,dp src, dst port
    pr protocol PF_INET or PF_INET6
    flg TCP Flags:
                   000001 FIN.
                   000010 SYN
                   000100 RESET
                   001000 PUSH
                   010000 ACK
                   100000 URGENT
                   e.g. 6 => SYN + RESET
    fwd forwarding status
    stos src tos
    ipkt,ibyt input packets/bytes
    opkt,obyt output packets, bytes
    in,out input/output interface SNMP index number
    sas,das src, dst AS
    smk,dmk src, dst mask
    dtos dst tos
    dir direction
    nh,nhb next hop IP address, bgp next hop IP
    svln,dvln src, dst vlan id
    ismc,odmc input src, output dst MAC
    idmc,osmc input dst, output src MAC
    mpls1,mpls2 MPLS label 1-10
    mpls3,mpls4
    mpls5,mpls6
    mpls7,mpls8
    mpls9,mpls10
    ra router IP
    eng router engine type/id

See parse_csv.pl for more details.

FILTER
The filter syntax is similar to the well known pcap library used by tcpdump. The filter can be either specified on the command line after all options or in a separate file. It can span several lines. Anything after a '#' is treated as a comment and ignored to the end of the line. There is virtually no limit in the length of the filter expression. All keywords are case insensitive.

Any filter consists of one or more expressions expr. Any number of expr can be linked together:

expr and expr, expr or expr, not expr and ( expr ).

Expr can be one of the following filter primitives:

include
    @include <file>
    include the content of <file> into filter.

ip version
    inet or ipv4 for IPv4
    inet6 or ipv6 for IPv6

protocol
    proto <protocol>
    proto <number>
    where <protocol> is known protocol such as tcp, udp, icmp, icmp6, gre, esp, ah, etc. or a valid protocol number: 6, 17 etc.

IP address
    [src|dst] ip <ipaddr>
    [src|dst] host <ipaddr>
    with <ipaddr> as any valid IPv4, IPv6 address, or a fully qualified hostname. In case of a hostname, the IP address is looked up in DNS. If more than a single IP address is found, all IP addresses are chained together. (ip1 or ip2 or ip3 ... )

    To check if an IP address is in a known IP list, use
    [src|dst] ip in [ <iplist> ]
    [src|dst] host in [ <iplist> ]
    <iplist> is a space or comma separated list of individual <ipaddr> or fully qualified hostnames, which are looked up in DNS. If more than a single IP address is found, all IP addresses are put into the list.

[src|dst]
    IP addresses, networks, ports, AS numbers etc. can be specifically selected by using a direction qualifier, such as src or dst. They can also be used in combination with and and or. such as src and dst ip ...

network
    [src|dst] net a.b.c.d m.n.r.s
    Select the IPv4 network a.b.c.d with netmask m.n.r.s.
    [src|dst] net <net>/<num>
    with <net> as a valid IPv4 or IPv6 network and <num> as mask bits. The number of mask bits must match the appropriate address family in IPv4 or IPv6. Networks may be abbreviated such as 172.16/16 if they are unambiguous.

Port
    [src|dst] port [comp] <num>
    with <num> as any valid port number. If comp is omitted,
     '=' is assumed. comp is explained in more details below.
    [src|dst] port in [ <portlist> ]
    A port can be compared against a know list, where <portlist> is a space separated list of individual port numbers.

ICMP
    icmp-type <num>
    icmp-code <num>
    with <num> as a valid icmp type/code. This automatically implies proto icmp.

Router ID
    engine-type <num>
    engine-id <num>
    sysid <num>
    with <num> as a valid router engine type/id or exporter ID(0..255).

Netflow version
    nfversion [comp] <num>
    netflow version exported.

Interface
    [in|out] if <num>
    Select input or output or either interface ID, with num as the SNMP interface number.
    Example: in if 3

AS numbers
    [src|dst|prev|next] as [comp] <num>
    Selects source, destination, previous, next or any AS number with <num> as any valid as number. 32-bit AS numbers are supported. If comp is omitted, '=' is assumed. comp is explained in more details below.
    [src|dst|prev|next] as in [ <ASlist> ]
    An AS number can be compared against a know list, where <ASlist> is a space or comma separated list of individual AS numbers.

Prefix mask bits
    [src|dst] mask <bits>
    with <bits> as any valid prefix mask bit value.

Vlan labels
    [src|dst] vlan <num>
    with <num> as any valid vlan label.

Flags
    flags <tcpflags>
    with <tcpflags> as a combination of:
    A ACK.
    S SYN.
    F FIN.
    R Reset.
    P Push.
    U Urgent.
    X All flags on.
The ordering of the flags is not relevant. Flags not mentioned are treated as don't care. In order to get those flows with only the SYN flag set, use the syntax 'flags S and not flags AFRPU'.

Next hop IP
    next ip <ipaddr>
    with <ipaddr> as IPv4/IPv6 IP address of next hop router.

Next-hop router's IP in the BGP domain
    bgpnext ip <ipaddr>
    with <ipaddr> as IPv4/IPv6 next-hop router's IP in the BGP domain. ( v9 #18 )

Router IP
    router ip <ipaddr>
    Filter the flows according the IP address of the exporting router.

MAC addresses
    [InOutSrcDst] mac <addr>
    With <addr> any valid MAC address. mac can be made more specific by using any combination of a direction specifier as defined by CISCO v9. in src, in dst, out src, out dst.

MPLS labels
    mpls label<n> [comp] <num>
    With <n> as any mpls label number 1..10. Filters exactly specified label<n>.
    mpls eos [comp] <num>
    Filters End of Stack label for a given value <num>.
    mpls exp<n> [comp] <bits>
    Filters experimental bits of label <n> with <bits> 0..7.

Packets
    packets [comp] <num> [scale]
    To filter for netflow records with a specific packet count.
    Example: packets > 1k

Bytes
    bytes [comp] <num> [scale]
    To filter for netflow records with a specific byte count.
    Example: bytes 46 filters all empty IPv4 packets

Aggregated flows
    flows [comp] <num> [scale]
    To filter for netflow records with a specific number of aggregated flows.

Type of Service (TOS)
    [SourceDestination] tos <num>
    With <num> 0..255. For compatibility with nfdump 1.5.x: tos <num> is equivalent with src tos <num>

Packets per second: Calculated value.
    pps [comp] num [scale]
    To filter for flows with specific packets per second.

Duration: Calculated value
    duration [comp] num
    To filter for flows with specific duration in milliseconds.

Bits per second: Calculated value.
    bps [comp] num [scale]
    To filter for flows with specific bytes per second.

Bytes per packet: Calculated value.
    bpp [comp] num [scale]
    To filter for flows with specific bytes per packet.

scale scaling factor. Maybe k m g. Factor is 1000

comp The following comparators are supported:
    =, ==, >, <, >=, <=, EQ, LT, GT, LE, GE . If comp is omitted, '=' is assumed.

NSEL/ASA specific filters:

NSEL/ASA Event
    asa event <ignore|create|term|delete|deny>
    asa event [comp] <number>
    select NSEL/ASA event by name or number. If given as number it can be compared with a number

NSEL/ASA denied reason
    asa event denied <ingress|egress|interface|nosyn>
    Select a NSEL/ASA denied event by type

NSEL/ASA extended events
    asa xevent [comp] <num>
    Select an extended NSEL ASA event by number, or optionally compared by a number.

X-late IP addresses and ports
    [src|dst] xip <ip>
    Select the translated IP address - identical to nip

    [src|dst] xnet <net>/<num>
    with <net> as a valid translated IPv4 or IPv6 network and <num> as mask bits. The number of mask bits must match the appropriate address family in IPv4 or IPv6. Networks may be abbreviated such as 172.16/16 if they are unambiguous.

    [src|dst] xport <port>
    Select the translated port

NSEL/ASA ingress/egress
    ingress <ACL|ACE|XACE> [comp] number
    Select/compare an ingress ACL

    egress ACL [comp] <number>
    Select/compare an egress ACL

NEL specific NAT filters:

NAT Event
    nat event <add|delete>
    nat event [comp] <number>
    select NEL NAT event by name or number. If given as number it can be compared with a number

NEL NAT ip addresses and ports
    [src|dst] nip <ip>
    Match NAT IP address

    [src|dst] nip in [ <iplist> ]
    Match NAT IP from list <iplist> - see ip in [ <iplist> ] for syntax.

    [src|dst] nport <port>
    Match NAT port

NEL NAT vrf
    ingress vrf <num>
    Select the vrf

Flowlabel
One or more specific filter expressions can be assigned a flowlabel in order to identify the flow in the output according to the label. A flowlabel has the form %LabelName and is appended or prepended to a filter expression in braces. It may have up to 16 characters. Example: (ip 8.8.8.8) %GoogleDNS. If a filter matches, with a labeled expressions, and that expression is in the matching filter path, the label can be printed in the output, using the %%lbl format token. See OUTPUT FORMATS. Example: Add flowlabel to end of 'line' format:
./nfdump -r <file> -o 'fmt:%line %lbl" ..
Note: A filter may have multiple matching paths - for example proto tcp or ip 8.8.8.8 The shortest path which evaluates successfully wins. Other paths are skipped, which means that flowlabels are not printed in not evaluated filter paths. A filter may contain multiple flowlabels. The flowlabel of the last matching expression in the winning path is printed. Flowlabels are most useful in large and complex filters stored in one or multiple files, to better read the flow output list.
Example: (ip in [172.16.1.0/24]) %ISP_1 or (ip in [172.16.16.0/24]) %IPS_2 or %GoogleDNS((proto udp or proto tcp) and ip 8.8.8.8)

EXAMPLES
nfdump -r /and/dir/nfcapd.201107110845 -c 100 'proto tcp and ( src ip 172.16.17.18 or dst ip 172.16.17.19 )' Dumps the first 100 netflow records which match the given filter:

nfdump -r /and/dir/nfcapd.201107110845 -B Map matching flows as bi-directional single flow.

nfdump -R /and/dir/nfcapd.201107110845:nfcapd.200407110945 'host 192.168.1.2' Dumps all netflow records of host 192.168.1.2 from July 11 08:45 - 09:45

nfdump -M /to/and/dir1:dir2 -R nfcapd.200407110845:nfcapd.200407110945 -s record -n 20 Generates the Top 20 statistics from 08:45 to 09:45 from 3 sources

nfdump -r /and/dir/nfcapd.201107110845 -s record -n 20 -o extended Generates the Top 20 statistics, extended output format

nfdump -r /and/dir/nfcapd.201107110845 -s record -n 20 'in if 5 and bps > 10k' Generates the Top 20 statistics from flows coming from interface with SNMP index of 5

nfdump -r /and/dir/nfcapd.201107110845 'inet6 and proto tcp and ( src port > 1024 and dst port 80 ) Dumps all port 80 IPv6 connections to any web server.

NOTES
Generating the statistics for data files of a few hundred MB is no problem. However, be careful if you want to create statistics of several GB of data. This may consume a lot of memory and can take a while. Flow anonymization has moved into nfanon.

SEE ALSO
nfcapd(1), nfanon(1), nfprofile(1), nfreplay(1)

BUGS
There is still the famous last bug. Please report them - all the last bugs - back to me.